NASA’s Curiosity rover has once again amazed scientists by capturing breathtaking images of Martian clouds during twilight. These noctilucent, or "night-shining," clouds were seen on January 17, 2018, displaying mesmerizing red and green hues caused by sunlight scattering off them.
Martian Twilight Clouds: A Rare Phenomenon
These delicate clouds, shimmering like rainbows, are best visible during the evening when the setting sun highlights their features. They float at altitudes of 37-50 miles (60-80 km) and are composed of water-ice or carbon dioxide ice, depending on their height.
NASA’s Observations on Mars’ Atmosphere
Curiosity’s studies have provided insights into the atmospheric composition of Mars. Water-ice clouds typically form at lower altitudes, while carbon dioxide ice clouds are seen higher up. The latter are particularly rare and have sparked scientific debate on why they only appear in specific regions like Gale Crater, while Perseverance rover in Jezero Crater has not observed them. Scientists suspect gravity waves may play a role in their formation.
Advancements in Understanding Martian Weather
Curiosity’s continued study of Martian clouds is helping researchers understand the particle growth and atmospheric dynamics of the Red Planet. The rover’s past discoveries, such as the first-ever images of iridescent clouds in 2019, have significantly contributed to Mars’ climatology research.
Despite a recent camera glitch, Curiosity remains operational, continuing its exploration of key Martian sites, including Gediz Vallis and Rustic Canyon, which hold clues to the planet’s geological history.

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